What type of insurance is defined as a policy other than Medicare that can be bought independently or through an employer?

The correct answer is a commercial policy, which refers to a type of health insurance coverage that individuals can purchase independently or obtain through their employer. Commercial policies are provided by private insurance companies and are designed to cover a broad range of healthcare services. This type of insurance is distinct from government programs like Medicare and can offer various plans and pricing options depending on the insurer and the specific coverage selected.

In contrast, the health insurance marketplace is a platform for individuals to shop for and enroll in affordable health insurance, particularly those who may not have access to employer-sponsored insurance. Case management approval and authorization procedures refer to processes within the healthcare system for managing care and ensuring payment but do not represent types of insurance. These processes often involve verifying that specific treatments or services are necessary and covered under an existing policy, rather than describing a type of insurance itself.